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Map of the World in 1861

			neat things from 1861 for sale Movie of the start of the American Civil War and opening battles, encompassing Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville
	1	Benito Juárez captures Mexico City
	2	Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by Wilhelm I
	3	American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the Union
	9	Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union, preceding the American Civil War.
	10	American Civil War: Florida secedes from the Union.
	11	American Civil War: Alabama secedes from the Union.
	14	Mehmed VI (January 14, 1861 – May 16, 1926) last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire born
	18	American Civil War: Georgia secedes from the Union
	21	American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate.
	26	American Civil War: Louisiana secedes from the Union
	29	January 29 - Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state.

	1	American Civil War: Texas secedes from the Union.
	4	American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama the Confederate States of America is formed by delegates from six break-away United States.
	8	American Civil War: The Confederate States of America are formed
	9	Jefferson Davis American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected the Provisional President of the Confederate States of America by the Confederate convention at Montgomery, Alabama.
	11	American Civil War: US House unanimously passes resolution guaranteeing non-interference with slavery in any state
	13	Francis II End of the Siege of Gaeta,Italy, last stronghold of the Neapolitan King Francis II, by Piedmontese forces. Francis goes into exile.
	18	Victor Emmanuel of Piedmont-Sardinia becomes King of Italy. American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional president of the Confederate States of America.
	19	serfdom is abolished in Russia. Serfdom was the enforced labour of serfs on the fields of landowners, in return for protection and the right to work on their leased fields.
	20	Storms damage the Crystal Palace in London
	23	President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C. after an assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland.
	24	The Battle of Ky Hoa (24 and 25 February 1861) was an important French victory in the Cochinchina campaign (1858–62) to colonize Vietnam.. The battle marks the ending of formal military action against the French.
	27	Russian troops fire upon a crowd in Warsaw protesting Russian rule over Poland, killing 5 protesters.
	28	Colorado is organized as a United States territory.

	2	Nevada is organized as a United States territory.
	4	President Abraham Lincoln takes office, succeeding James Buchanan. The Stars and Bars is adopted as the flag of the United Confederate States of America.
	10	El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Segou, destroying the Bambara Empire of Mali.
	11	The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.
	17	The Kingdom of Italy is proclaimed, with Victor Emmanuel II as its king.
	19	The First Taranaki War ( an armed conflict over land ownership and sovereignty that took place between Maori and the New Zealand Government in the Taranaki district of New Zealand's North Island from March 1860 to March 1861._ends in New Zealand.
	20	An earthquake completely destroys Mendoza, Argentina. flag of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies The surrender of Civitella del Tronto ends the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (1816-1861).
	27	Rome was declared Capital of Italy
	30	Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of Thallium

	12	The American Civil War begins at Fort Sumter, South Carolina.
	13	Fort Sumter surrenders to Southern forces
	17	The state of Virginia secedes from the Union
	20	American Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia
	25	The Union Army arrives in Washington, D.C
	27	President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus ( is the name of a legal action, or writ, through which a person can seek relief from unlawful detention of himself or another person) in the United States West Virginia secedes from Virginia.

	6	Arkansas secedes from the Union.
	7	Tennessee secedes from the Union.
	8	Richmond, Virginia is named the capital of the Confederate States of America.
	13	Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights.
	20	Kentucky proclaims its neutrality which lasts until September 3,when Confederate forces enter the state. North Carolina secedes from the Union.

	3	Stephen A. Douglas, U.S. Senator from Illinois and Presidential candidate (b. 1813) dies of typhoid fever
	9	Lebanon is separated from Syrian administration and reunited under an Ottoman governor with the approval of the European powers
	15	Benito Juárez is formally elected President of Mexico; he temporarily stops the payments of foreign debt.
	25	Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839-1861) dies and is succeeded by Abd-ul-Aziz (1861-1876).

	2	Ivan Kasatkin lands on Hakodate and introduces the Eastern Orthodox Church into Japan.
		Fredrick Townsend Ward captures Sung-Chiang China from Taiping forces
	13	The Battle of Corrick's Ford takes place in western Virginia.(Union Victory)
	21	First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war ends in a Confederate victory
	25	The Crittenden-Johnson Resolution is passed by the U.S. Congress, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
	26	George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run

	5	In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government issues the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US $800; rescinded in 1872).
	12	Eliphalet Remington, gunsmith and founder of Remington Arms (b. 1793)
22	Xianfeng Emperor Qing Xianfeng Emperor dies, succedded by the Tongzhi Emperor
27	Martin Doyle's is the last execution in Britain for attempted murder.

3	Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance.
6	Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, which gives the Union control the mouth of the Tennessee River.

4	Frederic S. Remington, cowboy artist and sculptor (d. 1909)
9	Battle of Santa Rosa Island, Florida: Confederate forces are defeated in their effort to take the island.
21	Battle of Ball's Bluff, Virgina: Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is killed in the fighting.
24	The HMS Warrior, the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled armored battleship, is completed and commissioned.
28	The Missouri legislature takes up a bill for Missouri's secession from the Union.
30	The bill is passed for Missouri's secession from the Union.
31	Citing failing health, Union General Winfield Scott resigns as Commander of the United States Army.

1	U.S. President Abraham Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as commander of the Union Army, replacing the aged General Winfield Scott
2	Western Department Union General John C. Fremont is relieved of command and replaced by David Hunter.
6	Confederate States in Grey Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America.
7	Battle of Belmont: In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive.
8	Trent Affair: The USS San Jacinto stops the United Kingdom mail ship Trent and arrests two Confederate envoys, James Mason and John Slidell, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the U.K. and U.S.
21	American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin Secretary of War.
28	Acting on the ordinance passed by the Jackson government, the Confederate Congress admits Missouri as the 12th Confederate state.

9	Taiping forces take Ningpo
10	Kentucky is accepted into the Confederate States of America.
29	6,000 Spanish troops landed at Veracruz, followed by seven hundred British soldiers and two thousand French to seek debts owed by Mexico. Taiping forces take Hangzhou

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